The correct answer is option (c) “Phagosomes.” Phagosomes are vesicles formed when cells engulf solid particles through a process called phagocytosis. These vesicles often fuse with lysosomes, which contain enzymes that degrade the engulfed material.
Other options:
(a) Incorrect – Peroxisomes are organelles involved in various metabolic processes, including breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.
(b) Incorrect – Mesosomes are structures that were once thought to exist in bacterial cells, but their presence and function are still debated.
(d) Incorrect – Glyoxisomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plant cells that are involved in the conversion of stored lipids into carbohydrates during germination.
Among these options, the “Chromosome” is not a membrane-bound structure. Chromosomes are structures composed of DNA and proteins found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but are not bounded by membranes.
Other options:
Option B: Lysosome – Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes.
Option C: Mitochondria – Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles responsible for energy production.
Option D: Nucleus – The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
The correct answer is “Lysosomes.” Lysosomes are organelles bounded by a single membrane, often referred to as a lipid bilayer. They contain various hydrolytic enzymes responsible for breaking down cellular waste and recycling cellular components through digestion. This single-membrane structure enables the segregation of these potent enzymes from the rest of the cell.
Other options:
Option A: Mitochondria – Mitochondria have a double membrane structure, not a single membrane.
Option B: Chloroplast – Chloroplasts are bounded by a double membrane, not a single membrane.
Option D: Nucleus – The nucleus is bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, not a single membrane.
Glyoxisomes are more prevalent in seeds rich in “Lipids.” Glyoxisomes are specialized peroxisomes that play a role in converting stored lipids into carbohydrates during seed germination.
Other options:
Option B: Proteins – Glyoxisomes are specifically involved in lipid metabolism, not protein metabolism.
Option C: Carbohydrates – While glyoxisomes are involved in lipid-to-carbohydrate conversion, they are not more prevalent in carbohydrate-rich seeds.
Option D: Glucose – Glyoxisomes are involved in lipid metabolism and do not directly relate to glucose concentration.
The correct answer is option (b) “Microvilli.” In cellular context, the term “microvilli” refers to small, finger-like projections on the surface of some cells that increase surface area for absorption and secretion. The term “cristae” is used to describe the folded inner membranes of mitochondria, which increase the surface area available for cellular respiration and energy production.
Other options
(a) Incorrect – Leaf veins are structures found in plant leaves that transport water, nutrients, and sugars.
(c) Incorrect – Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
(d) Incorrect – Leaf midribs are the central veins in a leaf that provide support and transport water and nutrients.
